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A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K-L-M-N-O-P-Q-R-S-T-U-V-W-X-Y-Z
- G1, G2, G0
- [phases of cell cycle]
- G band
- [more]
- Gage, Phineas
- Galactose
- Structure
- Gamete
- Haploid reproductive cell which, after fusion with another gamete, forms a zygote.
- Gametophyte
- Haploid, gamete-producing stage in the life cycle of a plant. [Discussion] [in angiosperms] [in ferns] [in mosses]
- Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- [receptors]
- Gancyclovir
- (also spelled ganciclovir) [More]
- Ganglion
- Small mass of nerve tissue containing the cell bodies of neurons.
- Ganglion cells
- of human retina
- Gap junctions
- Gas exchange
- [in leaves and stems]
- Gastrin
- Gastrula
- Stage in the embryonic development of animals during which endoderm, mesoderm, and the archenteron are formed. [gastrulation in frog embryo]
- Gene locus
- Location of a particular gene (or one of its alleles) on a chromosome.[examples]
- Gene pool
- All the genes in a given population of a species.
- Gene therapy
- [using retroviral vectors] [using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector]
- Generator potential
- Tiny current created across the membrane of a stimulated receptor cell. Its strength increases with the strength of the stimulus, and at a certain level (the threshold) it initiates one or more nerve impulses (action potentials) in an adjacent neuron.
- Genetic code
- [More]
- Genetic mosaic
- An individual containing cells of more than one genotype. [and X-inactivation]
- Genetic testing
- [sickle-cell disease]
- Genome
- A complete haploid set of genes. [Genome Sizes] [mitochondrial] [chloroplast]
- Genotype
- Genetic constitution of an individual.
- Genus
- A taxonomic category that includes (usually) several closely related species. Similar genera are grouped in a family.Humans (Homo sapiens) belong to the genus Homo.
- Geological eras and periods
- Germination
- Resumption of growth of the embryo within a seed, or of a spore. [germination in seeds]
- Germline
- [More]
- giant (gt)
- [role of gene in Drosophila segmentation]
- Gibberellins
- Plant hormones.
- Gill slits
- Paired openings from the pharynx to the exterior that occur in many aquatic chordates when the gill pouches open out at the branchial grooves.
- Glomerulus
- Glucagon
- Glucocorticoids
- [Discussion] [receptor bound to response element]
- Gluconeogenesis
- Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as amino acids.
- Glucose
- [Structure] [homeostatic regulation of]
- Glutamic acid
- [structure] [as neurotransmitter]
- Glutamine
- [structure]
- Glycine
- [structure] [as neurotransmitter]
- Glycogen
- Polymer of glucose. Surplus glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles and digested back into glucose when energy is needed. [More]
- Glycolysis
- The anaerobic catabolism of glucose to pyruvic acid.[Discussion]
- Glycopeptide antibiotics
- Glycoprotein
- A protein with covalently attached sugars and/or other polysaccharides.
[More]
- Goiter
- Golgi apparatus
- [in protein kinesis]
- Gonad
- Organ that produces gametes, sperm in males, eggs in females. In humans, the gonads also make sex hormones.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- GnRH
- gp120
- Peripheral membrane glycoprotein of 120 kilodaltons encoded by the env gene of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). [role in death of CD4+ T cells]
- Graft rejection
- [mechanism] [preventing]
- Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
- Immune attack against the host mediated by T cells in a transplanted organ or tissue (e.g., bone marrow). [More] [still more]
- Granulocyte
- One of the three types of leukocytes (white blood cells) that contain granules in their cytoplasm. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the granulocytes. [More]
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- A cytokine (G-CSF)
- Graves' disease
- Also called thyrotoxicosis. [More]
- Gravitropism
- Gray (Gy)
- [defined]
- Gray crescent
- [in frog embryology]
- Green fluorescent protein (GFP)
- Greenhouse effect
- Warming of the earth because the atmosphere is more transparent to light from the sun than it is to heat radiating from the earth.
- Growth
- Increase in the size of an organism, resulting from an increase in its number of cells, their size, the amount of extracellular matrix, or all of these. [human growth hormone]
- Guanine
- [structure]
- Gustducin
- Gymnosperm
- Seed-producing vascular plant whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. Includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgos.