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E

E. coli
Escherichia coli, a bacterium found in the intestine. [More] [genome]
Ecology
Study of the interrelationships of organisms and their environment.
Ecosystem
A community of organisms interacting with each other and with their nonliving surroundings.
Ectoderm
Outermost layer of cells of an animal embryo. [discussion]
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of lymph in the tissue spaces. [More]
Effector
Body structure by which an organism acts. In humans the chief effectors are the muscles and glands.
Egestion
Elimination of undigested materials from the alimentary canal. [More]
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Electron
Negatively charged particle present outside the nucleus of an atom. [More]
Electronegative
Having an affinity for electrons. [More]
Electrophoresis
Element
Any of about 100 substances that consist of only one kind of atom and cannot be decomposed into simpler substances. [Discussion]
Embryo
An animal or plant in an early stage of development from a zygote.
Embryonic stem (ES) cell
[making transgenic mice] [human]
Emphysema
A condition of the lungs characterized by a reduction in the surface available for gas exchange.
Emulsion
Mixture consisting of droplets of one liquid suspended in a second.
Enantiomer
One of two mirror-image optical isomers. [More]
End plate potential (EPP)
The partial depolarization created in a muscle fiber in the region of an activated neuromuscular junction. [More]
Endocrine
Refers to hormones. [Discussion of human hormones] [table of human hormones]
Endocytosis
The engulfment by a cell of extracellular material accompanied by the invagination and pinching off of a portion of the plasma membrane. The engulfed material is thus enclosed within a vesicle called an endosome. [Discussion] [by B lymphocytes]
Endoderm
[of frog embryo]
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Endosome
Membrane-bound vesicle formed by endocytosis.
Endosperm
Nutritive tissue that surrounds and nourishes the developing embryo of seed plants.
Endostatin
Endosymbiont
An organism living within the body (or cell) of its symbiotic partner. [origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts]
Endotherm
An animal that maintains its body temperature with heat generated by its metabolism.
Energy
Capacity for doing work.
Enhancer
Region of DNA that alters (stimulates or inhibits) the initiation of the transcription of a gene. Enhancers differ from promoters in being farther away from, and either upstream (5') or downstream (3') of, the gene they influence.
Enkephalins.
More
Enzyme
Discussion
Eotaxin
Epicotyl
That portion of the shoot of a plant embryo or seedling above the node at which the cotyledons are attached.
Epidemiology
[discussion]
Epithelia
Epitope
A part of an antigen to which an antibody binds. Also called the antigenic determinant.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
[genome][and apoptosis]
Equilibrium
State of balance between opposing actions.
Erythropoietin (EPO)
[the hormone] [and somatic gene therapy]
Escherichia coli
go to E. coli
Estrogen
One of a group of steroids that act as female sex hormones promoting, among other effects, the development of the secondary sex characteristics. [Discussion]
Ethylene
Plant hormone.
Etiolation
A phenomenon exhibited by plants grown in the dark characterized by pale color, long internodes, and small leaves. [illustrated discussion]
Eugenics
The application of genetics in an attempt to "improve" the hereditary qualities of humans.
Eukaryote
An organism whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. Sometimes spelled eucaryote.
Eutrophication
The process in which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients.
even-skipped (eve)
[role in Drosophila embryo]
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
The partial depolarization created in a postsynaptic neuron by the arrival of an action potential at the terminals of a neuron synapsing with it. [More]
Excretion
Elimination of metabolic wastes by an organism.
Exocrine
Refers to glands that deposit their secretion(s) into ducts that drain to the "exterior". Examples: salivary, sweat, and gastric glands [View topology]. Compare endocrine
Exocytosis
The discharge of vacuole-enclosed materials from a cell by the fusion of the vacuole membrane with the plasma membrane. [Discussion]
Exon
Portion of a gene that is retained in the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.Adjacent exons are separated from each other by introns. Often exons encode one domain of a protein. The ability to shuffle exons in different combinations may - over the course of evolution - have speeded up the creation of new genes with new functions. [More]
Extensor
A muscle that extends a limb. [Example]
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
The fluid that bathes cells.
Extraembryonic membranes
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Eye
of humans
eyeless (ey)
Drosophila gene
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